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Highlights
- Thyroid hormones are crucial for regulating sex hormones like testosterone, which affect your sex drive and erectile function.
- Thyroid dysfunction can lead to common sexual problems in men, including erectile dysfunction (ED).
- Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and ED are very treatable conditions.
- Thyroid medication and ED medications like Viagra are often the best treatment for ED in men with thyroid problems.
- Talk to a doctor for a personalized treatment plan to address thyroid dysfunction and ED.
While many men are familiar with the frustration of erectile dysfunction (ED), they may not realize that thyroid issues could be to blame. Learn how your thyroid issues might be affecting your bedroom performance.
What Is the Thyroid and How Does it Affect Sexual Function?
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that produces hormones crucial for your body’s metabolism, temperature regulation, and heart rate. It also plays a role in regulating sex hormones. The production of thyroid hormones is controlled by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released by the pituitary gland.
The Thyroid, TSH, and Sexual Function in Men
TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These thyroid hormones are vital for regulating sex hormones like testosterone. Testosterone is essential for a healthy sex drive and good erectile function. Your thyroid hormones also play a role in maintaining healthy blood flow throughout your body, which helps you to get and keep an erection.
When your TSH and thyroid hormone levels are out of balance, you’re at greater risk for some of the most common sexual problems men face, such as erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation, and low libido (sex drive).
Hypothyroidism, TSH, and Sexual Dysfunction
Hypothyroidism is a condition where your thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, often due to the pituitary gland not releasing enough TSH to stimulate the thyroid. People with hypothyroidism often feel tired, depressed, and have a lower sex drive. These symptoms can make it hard to get or keep an erection. Studies show that hypothyroid men have increased rates of ED and lower scores on sexual function questionnaires compared to men with normal thyroid function.
Hyperthyroidism, TSH, and Sexual Dysfunction
Hyperthyroidism occurs when your thyroid makes too much thyroid hormone, often due to the pituitary gland releasing too much TSH (although hyperthyroidism can also be caused by thyroid problems like Graves’ disease). This condition can cause premature ejaculation and lower sexual satisfaction.
Men with hyperthyroidism might also experience anxiety and restlessness, which can worsen sexual dysfunction.
The Link Between Hypothyroidism and Erectile Dysfunction
Men with hypothyroidism face a higher risk of developing ED compared to those with a normal thyroid. A recent global study found that around 59.1 percent of men with hypothyroidism experience ED. Interestingly, this rate is notably higher than the 41.5 percent observed in men dealing with hyperthyroidism alongside ED.
Potential Mechanisms
Experts have a few ideas about how hypothyroidism might cause ED. They include:
- Excess estrogen. Hypothyroidism can cause your sex hormone-binding globulin (SBHG) levels to drop. This can cause your body to convert testosterone into estrogen, which results in too much estrogen and too little testosterone.
- Testosterone production issues. Low thyroid hormone levels can disrupt testosterone production, which is crucial for your sex drive and ability to get an erection.
- Fatigue, depression, and anxiety. Hypothyroidism is often accompanied by severe fatigue, depression, and anxiety. Each of these conditions can lower your libido and contribute to ED symptoms.
Treating Hypothyroidism and ED
The good news is that treating hypothyroidism can improve ED. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism found that many men with thyroid issues saw their ED get better once their thyroid hormone levels were back to normal. These findings were consistent for both the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients.
Recent studies have found similar results. For example, a recent study aimed to understand how treating hypothyroidism affects both ED and mood in men. Researchers found that treatment with medication improved both the men’s ability to get erections and their overall mood.
Hyperthyroidism Can Also Cause ED
Men with hypothyroidism aren’t the only ones at risk for ED. In fact, some studies suggest that up to 85 percent of men living with hyperthyroidism may also struggle with ED. While the estimated prevalence varies, research overwhelmingly supports the connection between hyperthyroidism and ED.
Potential Causes
Hyperthyroidism can lead to ED through mechanisms similar to hypothyroidism:
- Hormonal imbalance. Hyperthyroidism disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary- thyroid axis, which throws off testosterone production and function. Increased thyroid hormone levels can raise SHBG levels, reducing free testosterone and potentially causing low testosterone.
- Thyroid receptor issues. Thyroid hormones help regulate blood flow to the penis. Abnormal thyroid function can hinder blood flow, making it difficult to get and maintain an erection.
- Mental health complications. Conditions like depression and anxiety often tag along with hyperthyroidism. Sex and mental health are intimately connected, meaning these conditions can put a damper on your sex life by affecting your mood and desire.
Hope for Men with Hyperthyroidism and ED
As with hypothyroidism, treating hyperthyroidism can help you bounce back from ED. Studies show that bringing thyroid hormone levels back to normal can make a big difference in how well you can get and keep an erection, and how satisfied you are with your sex life.
When To Get Your Thyroid Checked
If you’re struggling with ED and aren’t sure why, consider getting your thyroid hormones checked. This is especially true if you’re experiencing other symptoms that point to thyroid problems.
Recommendations for Thyroid Screening
The United States Preventive Services Task Force hasn’t issued a recommendation for thyroid screening in asymptomatic adult men. However, the American Thyroid Association suggests starting thyroid screenings at age 35 and repeating them every five years, especially if you’re at higher risk or showing symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Disorder
You’re likely to notice thyroid disorder symptoms before they’re caught in a routine health screening. Some symptoms are specific to men, while others affect both men and women equally.
Symptoms specific to men include:
- Sexual dysfunction. Problems like low libido, erectile dysfunction, or ejaculation issues can point to thyroid imbalance.
- Hair loss. Thyroid dysfunction can contribute to hair loss. If you’re shedding more than usual or noticing thinning patches, your thyroid might be to blame.
- Muscle weakness. Men with thyroid issues may experience muscle weakness or fatigue, making it difficult to perform daily tasks or engage in physical activities.
You should also watch out for symptoms that are common in both men and women:
- Fatigue
- Depression
- Constipation
- Feeling cold
- Weight gain
- Dry skin
Comprehensive Exam for ED
Your provider might recommend a full hormonal and health workup to get a clearer picture of your condition. This can help identify the root cause of your ED, whether it’s related to thyroid dysfunction or another underlying issue. Don’t hesitate to discuss your symptoms with your healthcare provider to explore the appropriate steps for diagnosis and treatment.
Treating ED Caused by Thyroid Problems
The best treatment for ED in men with thyroid problems is one that is tailored to their specific needs.
Thyroid Medication and ED
If you’re grappling with ED due to thyroid issues, tackling the thyroid problem is your first step toward improvement. Thyroid hormone medications like levothyroxine and liothyronine are commonly prescribed to correct thyroid dysfunction in men with hypothyroidism. Anti-thyroid medications are typically prescribed in men with hyperthyroidism.
Your treatment will depend on the type and severity of your thyroid condition.
ED Medications
In addition to thyroid medications, your provider may suggest using oral ED medications. Prescription phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are typically the first line of treatment for men struggling with ED. Options include:
- Viagra (sildenafil)
- Cialis (tadalafil)
- Stendra
- vardenafil (previously sold as Levitra)
These drugs are designed to improve blood flow to the penis, making it easier for you to get and keep an erection. They can also be taken safely with most thyroid medications.
Take a Personalized and Holistic Approach
For the best results, take a holistic approach to treating ED. This means addressing both the thyroid issue and the ED symptoms through a combination of medication, lifestyle adjustments, and seeing a specialist when needed. For example, you might benefit from seeing a sex therapist or a psychologist to help you tackle the emotional aspects of ED.
Overcoming ED can involve some trial and error, but your provider can help tailor a plan that fits your needs and preferences perfectly.
Get Your Hormones (and Erections) Back on Track
Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause problems in the bedroom. If you’re noticing ED symptoms, it might be a good idea to get your thyroid hormone levels checked.
The good news is, bringing your thyroid hormones back to normal goes a long way in resolving ED. You can also take advantage of oral ED medications like Viagra or Cialis to help get your sex life back on track. Don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider for personalized advice on managing both thyroid disorders and ED.
At eDrugstore, we make it easy to get the treatment you need to overcome ED. We offer free consultations with U.S.-licensed physicians and a variety of FDA-approved ED medications. Check out our erectile dysfunction page and enjoy the convenience of accessing solutions to better health from the comfort of your home.
Disclaimer: This article provides general information about health and related topics but is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Shelby is a public health professional with research and field experience in sexual and reproductive health. She holds a Master of Public Health (MPH) and is a Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES).