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Can Direct Brain Stimulation Do What ‘Female Viagra’ Hasn’t?

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Medical scientists are exploring direct brain stimulation as a possible treatment for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women.

Women suffering from hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), the most common form of female sexual dysfunction, have few treatment options available to them today.

They can try Addyi, an antidepressant-like medication with a somewhat spotty record of success, or resort to psychological counseling in an effort to fire up their libido.

According to a December 2016 article posted at NYMag.com, researchers are hard at work to find other, more effective forms of treatment for HSDD.

One such study focuses on finding drugs that can chemically enhance brain levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter believed to increase sexual desire.

 

Direct Brain Stimulation

Another ongoing study, led by neuroscientist Nicole Prause, is looking at the potential of direct brain stimulation as a means of reinvigorating sexual desire in women who’ve lost their interest in sex. After roughly a decade of research at UCLA’s Sexual Psychophysiology and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Prause in 2015 founded Liberos LLC, a sexual biotechnology company based in Los Angeles.

In an interview for the article at NYMag.com, Prause told writer Lilly O’Donnell that direct brain stimulation is somewhat akin to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also known as shock therapy, “but much more targeted and not nearly so dangerous.”

 

Could Help Men Also

And researchers say direct brain stimulation works not just for women but for men as well, which could offer help for men whose erectile dysfunction is psychological in origin and not related to blood flow.

By way of contrast, the popular ED drugs, including Viagra, Cialis, and Levitra, improve blood flow to the penis, which helps men whose ED is vascular in nature to temporarily regain near-normal erectile function.

Under study by Prause and her colleagues are two different forms of direct brain stimulation. They are:

  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, or TMS, utilizes a more powerful and more focused current and is believed to have a more lasting effect on the libido. TMS has already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for intractable depression that has failed to respond to other means of treatment.
  • Direct Current Stimulation, or DCS, uses a less focused and more diffuse current and is meant to have only a temporary effect, which would be more similar to Viagra and used strictly on an as-needed basis.

Theta Burst Stimulation

A study led by Prause and published in a late 2016 issue of “PLOS One” explored the effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS), a relatively new form of TMS, on sexual desire and behavior. Prause and her fellow researchers recruited 20 men and women, all of whom had had at least two opposite-sex partners over the previous 12 months.

Study participants were subjected to two modalities of TBS, differing in the pattern of their pulses. Continuous pulsing was believed to have an inhibitive effect on the reward processing mechanisms of the brain’s left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while intermittent pulses were thought to have an excitatory effect.

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Neuroscientists measure brain activity to determine the effects of direct brain stimulation on patient responsiveness to sexual rewards.
After each TBS session, study participants completed tasks designed to gauge their responsiveness to both monetary and sexual rewards. To scientifically measure brain activity in response to these rewards, researchers used electroencephalography.

After intermittent TBS sessions, study participants showed lower levels of alpha waves, a sign that they were more aroused. As anticipated, alpha waves were stronger after test subjects underwent continuous TBS sessions, which appeared to inhibit response to sexual rewards.

 

How Best to Gauge Sexual Interest

In its overview of the Prause-led study, NewScientist.com reported that researchers rejected as too subjective study participants’ responses to queries about their level of sexual interest.

Instead, they found the measurement of alpha waves a more objective and accurate gauge of sexual interest.

Prause and her team are also exploring the potential of DCS for quick but short-term improvement of sexual desire. She told New York Magazine’s O’Donnell that preliminary market interviews seem to indicate a greater consumer interest in this approach to treatment.

Prause and her colleagues have already designed a prototype of a DCS headset. It includes two sensors — one on the forehead and one on the chin. Twenty minutes of DCS would hopefully make patients more responsive to sexual cues but would not actually trigger sexual arousal on its own.

If you would like to stay abreast of the latest developments involving sexual health and function, as well as other areas of consumer health, check out our blog.

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