About Trazodone: A Patient’s Guide

Highlights:

• Trazodone is a common serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitor (SARI) used to treat depression.

• Trazodone is also used to help treat anxiety, insomnia, or even chronic pain.

• Like all medications, trazodone has the potential for side effects, some of which may be severe.

• Taking this medication as prescribed can help boost mood and improve your quality of life.

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If you’re one of the 21 million Americans managing major depressive disorder, your doctor may have prescribed medication in combination with therapy and lifestyle changes. There are many types of antidepressants and mood-boosting medications, and trazodone is one of the most commonly used. 

For people dealing with mental health challenges, this medication can significantly improve quality of life. Learn about trazodone, how it works, and discover whether it’s right for you. 

What Is Trazodone and What Is It Used For?

Trazodone is an antidepressant with a range of applications. It’s primarily known for treating major depressive disorders, but it’s also effective in managing insomnia, anxiety, and in some cases, chronic pain. 

Trazodone, often sold under the brand names Desyrel, Desyrel Dividose, Oleptro, and Trazodone D, was originally approved by the FDA in the 1980s. Since its introduction, it has become a widely prescribed medication because it is versatile and generally well tolerated. 

Trazodone is frequently used as a secondary treatment option when other antidepressants are not suitable or effective, offering a valuable option for comprehensive mental health care.

How Does Trazodone Work?

Trazodone, classified as a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI), functions by regulating serotonin, which is a key neurotransmitter in the brain that significantly affects mood and emotional states. 

This class of medication accomplishes its therapeutic effect through two primary mechanisms: First, it inhibits the reuptake of serotonin so more of this chemical remains in the brain and boosts mood. Second, trazodone acts as an antagonist at specific serotonin receptors, preventing serotonin from binding to these sites. 

This dual mechanism of action assists in correcting serotonin imbalances commonly associated with depression, anxiety, and other related mental health disorders, ultimately contributing to improved emotional well-being and mood stabilization.

Trazodone Dosage and Administration

Trazodone is available in pill form and by prescription only. There are various dose strengths, and the exact frequency and duration of your treatment depends on your condition, age, and other factors. 

Only a healthcare provider can determine the appropriate dosage for an individual.

How Should I Take Trazodone?

Take trazodone exactly as prescribed by your doctor. It may be taken with or without food, depending on your needs and preferences. Your doctor may recommend taking it before bedtime to reduce daytime sleepiness. You should take this medication at about the same time every day. Don’t take extra medication to catch up on a missed dose. 

What Are the Potential Side Effects of Trazodone?

Like all medications, there may be side effects associated with taking trazodone. This list is not complete. Be sure to discuss all your side effects and medications with your doctor to understand more about trazodone and how it affects you.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Tiredness and drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Nightmares
• Dry mouth
• Changes in sex drive and ability

Less Common but More Severe Side Effects

• New or worsened depression or thoughts of suicide
• Chest pain
• Fast or irregular heartbeat
• Fever or sweating
• Twitching, tremors, or uncontrollable shaking
• Loss of coordination
• Seizures
• Shortness of breath
• Unusual bruising or bleeding
• Erection lasting more than 6 hours
• Headache
• Confusion or problems with concentration

What Should I Avoid When Taking Trazodone?

When taking trazodone, it’s important to avoid the following:

• Alcohol. Alcohol can enhance this medication’s sedative effects. 
• Activities requiring alertness. Don’t drive, operate heavy machinery, or engage in any activity that requires alertness until you know how trazodone affects you. 
• Grapefruit. As with most antidepressants, you should avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice.
• Sun exposure. This medication can make you more prone to sunburn, rashes, and other sun-related problems.

What Should I Do If I Miss a Dose of Trazodone?

If you miss a dose within a few hours of your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Don’t take an extra dose of your medication to catch up on a missed dose.

What Should I Do If I Overdose on Trazodone?

Seek immediate medical attention or contact your poison control center if an overdose is suspected. Overdose symptoms can include:

• Vomiting
• Changes in heartbeat
• Seizures 
• Difficulty breathing
• Drowsiness

What Precautions Should I Take With Trazodone?

There are a number of precautions to be aware of if you’re taking this medication. They include:

• Allergy and medication interactions. Before starting trazodone, inform your doctor if you’re allergic to it or any other drugs. Also, disclose if you’re taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or have taken them in the past 14 days, as trazodone is contraindicated in these cases.
• Comprehensive medication list. Provide your doctor and pharmacist with a detailed list of all medications you’re taking, including prescription and nonprescription drugs, vitamins, and supplements. This is crucial because trazodone can interact with a wide range of medications.
• Herbal products and supplements. Inform your doctor about any herbal products and supplements you’re taking, especially St. John’s wort and tryptophan.
• Medical history. Share your entire medical history with your doctor, particularly if you have or had heart problems like long QT syndrome, a heart attack, low sodium levels, a history of alcohol abuse, high blood pressure, bleeding disorders, sickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, leukemia, Peyronie’s disease, or any liver, heart, or kidney disease.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.
• Surgery and dental procedures. If you’re scheduled for any surgical or dental procedure, notify your doctor or dentist that you’re taking trazodone. This drug can interact with anesthesia.
• Awareness of effects. Be aware that trazodone can cause drowsiness and impact judgment, thinking, and physical coordination. 
• Alcohol consumption. Discuss with your doctor the safe use of alcoholic beverages during your trazodone treatment. Alcohol can intensify unpleasant side effects.
• Postural hypotension conditions. Trazodone may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting with rising too quickly from a lying position. To avoid this, rise slowly and sit on the edge of the bed before standing.
• Risk of angle-closure glaucoma. Be aware that trazodone can trigger angle-closure glaucoma. Discuss having an eye examination before starting the medication, and seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms like nausea, eye pain, vision changes, or redness around the eyes.
• Potential for worsening depression or suicidal thoughts. If you experience either of these effects, seek professional help right away. 

Contraindications

Some people should not take trazodone. Others should use it with caution under close medical supervision. 

Keep in mind that these lists are general guidelines. In special cases, doctors may feel the benefits of taking a particular medication outweigh the risks, so if you are in one of these groups, talk to your doctor about your personal situation.

Who Should Not Take Trazodone?

• People with a known allergy to trazodone
• People who are taking or have recently taken MAOIs
• Men with a history of priapism (prolonged and painful erections)
• People with heart rhythm conditions
• People with uncontrolled glaucoma

Who Should Take Trazodone With Caution?

• Elderly patients who are at risk of falling
• People with heart conditions
• People with a history of bipolar disorder; trazodone may trigger a manic episode
• People with a history of seizures
• People with liver or kidney conditions
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• People with a history of substance abuse

Are There Any Other Potential Drug Interactions With Trazodone?

According to Drugs.com, a total of 630 drugs and supplements can interact with this medication. Of these, 131 are considered major.

There are 484 moderate and 15 minor potential interactions also reported for this medication. For the complete interactions list, see the Drugs.com Drug Interactions Checker.

No list of potential drug interactions is complete, so let your provider know if you experience any new or unusual symptoms after taking this medication. 

Trazodone Can Help Improve Your Mental Health

Trazodone is a valuable medication for managing various mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, and insomnia. It’s important to talk to your doctor about trazodone and be informed about its uses, side effects, and how it fits into your overall treatment plan. If you’re prescribed an antidepressant, explore the most cost-effective options for your treatment.

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This information is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or medication.